1.2.2

Units of measurement

1.2.2.1

The following units of measurement a are applicable in ADR:

Measurement of	SI Unit b	Acceptable alternative unit	Relationship between units
Length Area Volume Time Mass Mass density Temperature Temperature difference Force Pressure Stress Work Energy Quantity of heat Power Kinematic viscosity Dynamic viscosity Activity Dose equivalent	m (metre) m2 (square metre) m3 (cubic metre) s (second) kg (kilogram) kg/m3 K (kelvin) K (kelvin) N (newton) Pa (pascal) N/m2 J (joule) W (watt) m2/s Pa.s Bq (becquerel) Sv (sievert)	-- - l c (litre) min (minute) h (hour) d (day) g (gram) t (ton) kg/l °C (degree Celsius) °C (degree Celsius) - bar (bar) N/mm2 kWh (kilowatt hours) eV (electronvolt) - mm2/s mPa.s	- - 1 l = 10-3 m3 1 min = 60 s 1 h = 3 600 s 1 d = 86 400 s 1g = 10-3 kg 1 t = 103 kg 1 kg/l = 103 kg/m3 0 °C = 273.15 K 1 °C = 1 K 1 N = 1 kg.m/s2 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 1 bar = 105 Pa 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 J = 1 N.m = 1 W.s 1 eV = 0.1602 Η 10-18J 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 N.m/s 1 mm2/s = 10-6 m2/s 1 mPa.s = 10-3 Pa.s

a The following round figures are applicable for the conversion of the units hitherto used into SI Units.
Force			Stress
1 kg	=	9.807 N	1 kg/mm2		=	9.807 N/mm2
1 N	=	0.102 kg	1 N/mm2		=	0.102 kg/mm2
Pressure
1 Pa	=	1 N/m2	=	10-5 bar	=	1.02  10-5 kg/cm2 = 0.75  10-2 torr
1 bar	=	105 Pa	=	1.02 kg/cm2	=	750 torr
1 kg/cm2	=	9.807  104 Pa	=	0.9807 bar	=	736 torr
1 torr	=	1.33  102 Pa	=	1.33  10-3 bar	=	1.36  10-3 kg/cm2
Energy, Work, Quantity of heat
1 J	=	1 N.m	=	0.278  10-6 kWh	=	0.102 kgm = 0.239  10-3 kcal
1 kWh	=	3.6  106 J	=	367  103 kgm	=	860 kcal
1 kgm	=	9.807 J	=	2.72  10-6 kWh	=	2.34  10-3 kcal
1 kcal	=	4.19  103 J	=	1.16  10-3 kWh	=	427 kgm
Power					Kinematic viscosity
1 W	=	0.102 kgm/s	=	0.86 kcal/h	1 m2/s = 104 St (Stokes)
1 kgm/s	=	9.807 W	=	8.43 kcal/h	1 St = 10-4 m2/s
1 kcal/h	=	1.16 W	=	0.119 kgm/s
Dynamic viscosity
1 Pa.s	=	1 N.s/m2	=	10 P (poise)	=	0.102 kg.s/m2
1 P	=	0.1 Pa.s	=	0.1 N.s/m2	=	1.02  10-2 kg.s/m2
1 kg.s/m2	=	9.807 Pa.s	=	9.807 N.s/m2	=	98.07 P

The decimal multiples and sub-multiples of a unit may be formed by prefixes or symbols, having the following meanings, placed before the name or symbol of the unit:

Factor

Prefix

Symbol

1 000 000 000 000 000 000

1 000 000 000 000 000

1 000 000 000 000

1 000 000 000

1 000 000

1 000

100

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.000 001
0.000 000 001

0.000 000 000 001

0.000 000 000 000 001

0.000 000 000 000 000 001

= 1018

= 1015

= 1012

= 109

= 106

= 103

= 102

= 101

= 10-1

= 10-2

= 10-3

= 10-6

= 10-9

= 10-12

= 10-15

= 10-18

quintillion quadrillion trillion billion million thousand hundred ten

tenth hundredth thousandth millionth billionth trillionth quadrillionth quintillionth

exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro nano pico femto atto

E
P
T
G
M

k
h
da
d
c
m


n
p
f
a

NOTE: 109 billion is United Nations usage in English. By analogy, so is 10-9 = 1 billionth.

1.2.2.2

Unless expressly stated otherwise, the sign "%" in ADR represents:

(a) In the case of mixtures of solids or of liquids, and also in the case of solutions and of solids

wetted by a liquid, a percentage mass based on the total mass of the mixture, the solution or the

wetted solid;

(b) In the case of mixtures of compressed gases, when filled by pressure, the proportion of the

volume indicated as a percentage of the total volume of the gaseous mixture, or, when filled by

mass, the proportion of the mass indicated as a percentage of the total mass of the mixture;

indicated as a percentage of the total mass of the mixture.

1.2.2.3

Pressures of all kinds relating to receptacles (such as test pressure, internal pressure, safety valve

opening pressure) are always indicated in gauge pressure (pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure);

however, the vapour pressure of substances is always expressed in absolute pressure.

1.2.2.4

Where ADR specifies a degree of filling for receptacles, this is always related to a reference

temperature of the substances of 15 °C, unless some other temperature is indicated.

1.3

TRAINING OF PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS

1.3.1

Scope and applicability

Persons employed by the participants referred to in Chapter 1.4, whose duties concern the carriage of

dangerous goods, shall be trained in the requirements governing the carriage of such goods

appropriate to their responsibilities and duties. Employees shall be trained in accordance with 1.3.2

before assuming responsibilities and shall only perform functions, for which required training has not

yet been provided, under the direct supervision of a trained person. Training requirements specific to

security of dangerous goods in Chapter 1.10 shall also be addressed.

NOTE 1: With regard to the training for the safety adviser, see 1.8.3 instead of this section.

NOTE 2: With regard to the training of the vehicle crew, see Chapter 8.2 instead of this section.

NOTE 3: For training with regard to Class 7, see also 1.7.2.5.

1.3.2

Nature of the training

The training shall take the following form, appropriate to the responsibility and duties of the

individual concerned.

1.3.2.1

General awareness training

Personnel shall be familiar with the general requirements of the provisions for the carriage of

dangerous goods.

1.3.2.2

Function-specific training

Personnel shall be trained, commensurate directly with their duties and responsibilities in the

requirements of the regulations concerning the carriage of dangerous goods.

Where the carriage of dangerous goods involves a multimodal transport operation, the personnel shall

be aware of the requirements concerning other transport modes.

1.3.2.3

Safety training

Commensurate with the degree of risk of injury or exposure arising from an incident involving the

carriage of dangerous goods, including loading and unloading, personnel shall be trained in the

hazards and dangers presented by dangerous goods.

The training provided shall aim to make personnel aware of the safe handling and emergency response

procedures.

1.3.2.4

The training shall be periodically supplemented with refresher training to take account of changes in

regulations.

1.3.3

Documentation

Records of training received according to this Chapter shall be kept by the employer and made

available to the employee or competent authority, upon request. Records shall be kept by the employer

for a period of time established by the competent authority. Records of training shall be verified upon