General

Unless otherwise provided for in Chapter 2.2 or in this Chapter, the test methods to be used for the
classification of dangerous goods are those described in the Manual of Tests and Criteria.

2.3

TEST METHODS

Exudation test for blasting explosives of Type A

Blasting explosives of type A (UN No. 0081) shall, if they contain more than 40% liquid nitric ester,
in addition to the testing specified in the Manual of Tests and Criteria, satisfy the following exudation
test.

The apparatus for testing blasting explosive for exudation (figs. 1 to 3) consists of a hollow bronze
cylinder. This cylinder, which is closed at one end by a plate of the same metal, has an internal
diameter of 15.7 mm and a depth of 40 mm. It is pierced by 20 holes 0.5 mm in diameter (four sets
of five holes) on the circumference. A bronze piston, cylindrically fashioned over a length of 48 mm
and having a total length of 52 mm, slides into the vertically placed cylinder. The piston, whose
diameter is 15.6 mm, is loaded with a mass of 2 220 g so that a pressure of 120 kPa (1.20 bar) is
exerted on the base of the cylinder.

A small plug of blasting explosive weighing 5 to 8 g, 30 mm long and 15 mm in diameter, is wrapped
in very fine gauze and placed in the cylinder; the piston and its loading mass are then placed on it so
that the blasting explosive is subjected to a pressure of 120 kPa (1.20 bar). The time taken for the
appearance of the first signs of oily droplets (nitroglycerine) at the outer orifices of the cylinder holes
is noted.

The blasting explosive is considered satisfactory if the time elapsing before the appearance of the
liquid exudations is more than five minutes, the test having been carried out at a temperature of 15 °C
to 25 °
 
Test of blasting explosive for exudation

Tests relating to nitrated cellulose mixtures of Class 4.1

Nitrocellulose heated for half an hour at 132 °C shall not give off visible yellowish-brown nitrous
fumes (nitrous gases). The ignition temperature shall be above 180 °C. See 2.3.2.3 to 2.3.2.8, 2.3.2.9
(a) and 2.3.2.10 below.

3 g of plasticized nitrocellulose, heated for one hour at 132 °C, shall not give off visible
yellowish-brown nitrous fumes (nitrous gases). The ignition temperature shall be above 170 °C. See
2.3.2.3 to 2.3.2.8, 2.3.2.9 (b) and 2.3.2.10 below.

The test procedures set out below are to be applied when differences of opinion arise as to the
acceptability of substances for carriage by road.

If other methods or test procedures are used to verify the conditions of stability prescribed above in
this section, those methods shall lead to the same findings as could be reached by the methods
specified below.

In carrying out the stability tests by heating described below, the temperature of the oven containing
the sample under test shall not deviate by more than 2 °C from the prescribed temperature; the
prescribed duration of a 30-minute or 60-minute test shall be observed to within two minutes. The
oven shall be such that the required temperature is restored not more than five minutes after insertion
of the sample.

Before undergoing the tests in 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10, the samples shall be dried for not less
than 15 hours at the ambient temperature in a vacuum desiccator containing fused and granulated
calcium chloride, the sample substance being spread in a thin layer; for this purpose, substances which
are neither in powder form nor fibrous shall be ground, or grated, or cut into small pieces. The
pressure in the desiccator shall be brought below 6.5 kPa (0.065 bar).

Before being dried as prescribed in 2.3.2.6 above, substances conforming to 2.3.2.2 shall undergo
preliminary drying in a well-ventilated oven, with its temperature set at 70 °C, until the loss of mass
per quarter-hour is less than 0.3% of the original mass.
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