When filling packagings, including IBCs and large packagings, with liquids, sufficient ullage (outage)
shall be left to ensure that neither leakage nor permanent distortion of the packaging occurs as a result
of an expansion of the liquid caused by temperatures likely to occur during transport. Unless specific
requirements are prescribed, liquids shall not completely fill a packaging at a temperature of 55 °C.
However, sufficient ullage shall be left in an IBC to ensure that at the mean bulk temperature of 50 °C
it is not filled to more than 98% of its water capacity. For a filling temperature of 15 °C, the
maximum degree of filling shall be determined as follows, unless otherwise provided, either:
(a)

Boiling point (initial boiling point) of

the substance in °C

< 60

≥ 60

< 100

≥ 100

< 200

≥ 200

< 300

≥ 300

Degree of filling as a percentage of the
capacity of the packaging

90

92

94

96

98

or

Inner packagings shall be packed in an outer packaging in such a way that, under normal conditions of
carriage, they cannot break, be punctured or leak their contents into the outer packaging. Inner
packagings containing liquids shall be packed with their closures upward and placed within outer
packagings consistent with the orientation marks prescribed in 5.2.1.10. Inner packagings that are
liable to break or be punctured easily, such as those made of glass, porcelain or stoneware or of
certain plastics materials, etc., shall be secured in outer packagings with suitable cushioning material.
Any leakage of the contents shall not substantially impair the protective properties of the cushioning
material or of the outer packaging.

Where an outer packaging of a combination packaging or a large packaging has been successfully
tested with different types of inner packagings, a variety of such different inner packagings may also
be assembled in this outer packaging or large packaging. In addition, provided an equivalent level of
performance is maintained, the following variations in inner packagings are allowed without further
testing of the package:
(a) Inner packagings of equivalent or smaller size may be used provided:
(i) the inner packagings are of similar design to the tested inner packagings
(e.g. shape - round, rectangular, etc.);
(ii) the material of construction of the inner packagings (glass, plastics, metal, etc.) offers
resistance to impact and stacking forces equal to or greater than that of the originally
tested inner packaging;
(iii) the inner packagings have the same or smaller openings and the closure is of similar
design (e.g. screw cap, friction lid, etc.);
(iv) sufficient additional cushioning material is used to take up void spaces and to prevent
significant movement of the inner packagings; and
(v) inner packagings are oriented within the outer packaging in the same manner as in the
tested package.
(b) A lesser number of the tested inner packagings, or of the alternative types of inner packagings
identified in (a) above, may be used provided sufficient cushioning is added to fill the void
space(s) and to prevent significant movement of the inner packagings.

Use of supplementary packagings within an outer packaging (e.g. an intermediate packaging or a
receptacle inside a required inner packaging) additional to what is required by the packing instructions
is authorized provided all relevant requirements are met, including those of 4.1.1.3, and, if
appropriate, suitable cushioning is used to prevent movement within the packaging.

Dangerous goods shall not be packed together in the same outer packaging or in large packagings,
with dangerous or other goods if they react dangerously with each other and cause:
(a) combustion or evolution of considerable heat;
 
1 Relative density (d) is considered to be synonymous with specific gravity (SG) and will be used throughout this
Chapter.
 
(b) evolution of flammable, asphyxiant, oxidizing or toxic gases;
(c) the formation of corrosive substances; or
(d) the formation of unstable substances.
NOTE: For mixed packing special provisions, see 4.1.10.
 

 

The closures of packagings containing wetted or diluted substances shall be such that the percentage
of liquid (water, solvent or phlegmatizer) does not fall below the prescribed limits during transport.

Where two or more closure systems are fitted in series on an IBC, that nearest to the substance being
carried shall be closed first.

Where pressure may develop in a package by the emission of gas from the contents (as a result of
temperature increase or other causes), the packaging or IBC may be fitted with a vent provided that
the gas emitted will not cause danger on account of its toxicity, its flammability or the quantity
released, for example.
A venting device shall be fitted if dangerous overpressure may develop due to normal decomposition
of substances. The vent shall be so designed that, when the packaging or IBC is in the attitude in
which it is intended to be carried, leakages of liquid and the penetration of foreign substances are
prevented under normal conditions of carriage.
NOTE: Venting of the package is not permitted for air carriage.

Liquids may only be filled into inner packagings which have an appropriate resistance to internal
pressure that may be developed under normal conditions of carriage.

New, remanufactured or reused packagings, including IBCs and large packagings, or reconditioned
packagings and repaired or routinely maintained IBCs shall be capable of passing the tests prescribed
in 6.1.5, 6.3.5, 6.5.6 or 6.6.5, as applicable. Before being filled and handed over for carriage, every
packaging, including IBCs and large packagings, shall be inspected to ensure that it is free from
corrosion, contamination or other damage and every IBC shall be inspected with regard to the proper
functioning of any service equipment. Any packaging which shows signs of reduced strength as
compared with the approved design type shall no longer be used or shall be so reconditioned, that it is
able to withstand the design type tests. Any IBC which shows signs of reduced strength as compared
with the tested design type shall no longer be used or shall be so repaired or routinely maintained that
it is able to withstand the design type tests.

Liquids shall be filled only into packagings, including IBCs, which have an appropriate resistance to
the internal pressure that may develop under normal conditions of carriage. Packagings and IBCs
marked with the hydraulic test pressure prescribed in 6.1.3.1 (d) and 6.5.2.2.1, respectively shall be
filled only with a liquid having a vapour pressure:
(a) such that the total gauge pressure in the packaging or IBC (i.e. the vapour pressure of the
filling substance plus the partial pressure of air or other inert gases, less 100 kPa) at 55 °C,
determined on the basis of a maximum degree of filling in accordance with 4.1.1.4 and a filling
temperature of 15 °C, will not exceed two-thirds of the marked test pressure; or
(b) at 50 °C less than four-sevenths of the sum of the marked test pressure plus 100 kPa; or
(c) at 55 °C less than two-thirds of the sum of the marked test pressure plus 100 kPa.
IBCs intended for the carriage of liquids shall not be used to carry liquids having a vapour pressure of
more than 110kPa (1.1 bar) at 50 °C or 130kPa (1.3 bar) at 55 °C.
 
Examples of required marked test pressures for packagings, including IBCs,
calculated as in 4.1.1.10 (c)
 
 

UN

No

Name

Class

Packing group

Vp55

(kPa)

Vp55 × 1.5

(kPa)

(Vp55 × 1.5)

minus 100 (kPa)

Required minimum test pressure gauge under 6.1.5.5.4(c) (kPa)

Minimum test pressure (gauge) to be marked on the packaging (kPa)

2056

2247

1593

1155

Tetrahydrofuran n-Decane Dichloromethane Diethyl ether

3

3

6.1

3

II

III

III

I

70

1.4

164

199

105

2.1

246

299

5

-97.9

146

199

100

100

146

199

100

100

150

250

NOTE 1: For pure liquids the vapour pressure at 55 °C (Vp55) can often be obtained from scientific
tables.
NOTE 2: The table refers to the use of 4.1.1.10 (c) only, which means that the marked test pressure
shall exceed 1.5 times the vapour pressure at 55 °C less 100 kPa. When, for example, the test pressure
for n-decane is determined according to 6.1.5.5.4 (a), the minimum marked test pressure may be
lower.
NOTE 3: For diethyl ether the required minimum test pressure under 6.1.5.5.5 is 250 kPa.

Empty packagings, including IBCs and large packagings, that have contained a dangerous substance
are subject to the same requirements as those for a filled packaging, unless adequate measures have
been taken to nullify any hazard.
NOTE: When such packagings are carried for disposal, recycling or recovery of their material,
they may also be carried under UN 3509 provided the conditions of special provision 663 of Chapter
3.3 are met.

Every packaging as specified in Chapter 6.1 intended to contain liquids shall successfully undergo a
suitable leakproofness test. This test is part of a quality assurance programme as stipulated in 6.1.1.4
which shows the capability of meeting the appropriate test level indicated in 6.1.5.4.3:
(a) before it is first used for carriage;
(b) after remanufacturing or reconditioning of any packaging, before it is re-used for carriage.
For this test the packaging need not have its closures fitted. The inner receptacle of a composite
packaging may be tested without the outer packaging, provided the test results are not affected. This
test is not required for:
- inner packagings of combination packagings or large packagings;
- inner receptacles of composite packagings (glass, porcelain or stoneware) marked with the
symbol "RID/ADR" in accordance with 6.1.3.1 (a) (ii);
- light gauge metal packagings marked with the symbol "RID/ADR" in accordance
with 6.1.3.1 (a) (ii).

Packagings, including IBCs, used for solids which may become liquid at temperatures likely to be
encountered during carriage shall also be capable of containing the substance in the liquid state.

Packagings, including IBCs, used for powdery or granular substances shall be sift-proof or shall be
provided with a liner.
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