In the drop tests for liquids, when another substance is used, it shall be of similar relative density and
viscosity to those of the substance being carried. Water may also be used for the liquid drop test under
the conditions in 6.1.5.3.5.

Paper or fibreboard packagings shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours in an atmosphere having a
controlled temperature and relative humidity (r.h.). There are three options, one of which shall be
chosen. The preferred atmosphere is 23 ± 2 °C and 50% ± 2% r.h. The two other options are 20 ± 2 °C
and 65% ± 2% r.h. or 27 ± 2 °C and 65% ± 2% r.h.
NOTE: Average values shall fall within these limits. Short-term fluctuations and measurement
limitations may cause individual measurements to vary by up to ± 5% relative humidity without
significant impairment of test reproducibility.

 

(Reserved)

To check that their chemical compatibility with the liquids is sufficient, plastics drums and jerricans in
accordance with 6.1.4.8 and if necessary composite packagings (plastics material) in accordance
with 6.1.4.19 shall be subjected to storage at ambient temperature for six months, during which time
the test samples shall be kept filled with the goods they are intended to carry.
For the first and last 24 hours of storage, the test samples shall be placed with the closure downwards.
However, packagings fitted with a vent shall be so placed on each occasion for five minutes only.
After this storage the test samples shall undergo the tests prescribed in 6.1.5.3 to 6.1.5.6.
When it is known that the strength properties of the plastics material of the inner receptacles of
composite packagings (plastics material) are not significantly altered by the action of the filling
substance, it shall not be necessary to check that the chemical compatibility is sufficient.
A significant alteration in strength properties means:
(a) distinct embrittlement; or
(b) a considerable decrease in elasticity, unless related to a not less than proportionate increase in
the elongation under load.
Where the behaviour of the plastics material has been established by other means, the above
compatibility test may be dispensed with. Such procedures shall be at least equivalent to the above
compatibility test and be recognized by the competent authority.
NOTE: For plastics drums and jerricans and composite packagings (plastics material) made of
polyethylene, see also 6.1.5.2.6 below.

For polyethylene drums and jerricans in accordance with 6.1.4.8 and if necessary, polyethylene
composite packagings in accordance with 6.1.4.19, chemical compatibility with filling liquids
assimilated in accordance with 4.1.1.21 may be verified as follows with standard liquids (see 6.1.6).
The standard liquids are representative for the processes of deterioration on polyethylene, as there are
softening through swelling, cracking under stress, molecular degradation and combinations thereof.
The sufficient chemical compatibility of the packagings may be verified by storage of the required test
samples for three weeks at 40 °C with the appropriate standard liquid(s); where this standard liquid is
water, storage in accordance with this procedure is not required. Storage is not required either for test
samples which are used for the stacking test in case of the standard liquids "wetting solution" and
"acetic acid".
For the first and last 24 hours of storage, the test samples shall be placed with the closure downwards.
However, packagings fitted with a vent shall be so placed on each occasion for five minutes only.
After this storage, the test samples shall undergo the tests prescribed in 6.1.5.3 to 6.1.5.6.
The compatibility test for tert-Butyl hydroperoxide with more than 40% peroxide content and
peroxyacetic acids of Class 5.2 shall not be carried out using standard liquids. For these substances,
sufficient chemical compatibility of the test samples shall be verified during a storage period of six
months at ambient temperature with the substances they are intended to carry.
Results of the procedure in accordance with this paragraph from polyethylene packagings can be
approved for an equal design type, the internal surface of which is fluorinated.

For packagings made of polyethylene, as specified in 6.1.5.2.6, which have passed the test in
6.1.5.2.6, filling substances other than those assimilated in accordance with 4.1.1.21 may also be
approved. Such approval shall be based on laboratory tests verifying that the effect of such filling
substances on the test specimens is less than that of the appropriate standard liquid(s) taking into
account the relevant processes of deterioration. The same conditions as those set out in 4.1.1.21.2 shall
apply with respect to relative density and vapour pressure.

not significantly altered by the action of the filling substance, proof of chemical compatibility is not
necessary. A significant alteration in strength properties means:
(a) Distinct embrittlement;
(b) A considerable decrease in elasticity, unless related to a not less than proportionate increase in
elastic elongation.

Drop test 3

Number of test samples (per design type and manufacturer) and drop orientation

 
For other than flat drops the centre of gravity shall be vertically over the point of impact.
Where more than one orientation is possible for a given drop test, the orientation most likely to result
in failure of the packaging shall be used.
 

Packaging

No. of test samples

Drop orientation

(a) Steel drums Aluminium drums

Drums of metal other than steel or aluminium

Steel jerricans Aluminium jerricans Plywood drums Fibre drums

Plastics drums and jerricans Composite packagings which are in the shape of a drum

Light gauge metal packagings

 

Six

(three for each drop)

First drop (using three samples): the packaging shall strike the target diagonally on the chime or, if the packaging has no chime, on a circumferential seam or an edge.

 

Second drop (using the other three samples): the packaging shall strike the target on the weakest part not tested by the first drop, for example a closure or, for some cylindrical drums, the welded longitudinal seam of the drum body

(b) Boxes of natural wood Plywood boxes Reconstituted wood boxes Fibreboard boxes

Plastics boxes

Steel or aluminium boxes

Composite packagings which are in the shape of a box

 

Five

(one for each drop)

First drop: flat on the bottom Second drop: flat on the top Third drop: flat on the long side Fourth drop: flat on the short side Fifth drop: on a corner

(c) Bags - single-ply with a side seam

Three

(three drops per bag)

First drop: flat on a wide face Second drop: flat on a narrow face Third drop: on an end of the bag

(d) Bags - single-ply without a side seam, or multi-ply

Three

(two drops per bag)

First drop: flat on a wide face Second drop: on an end of the bag

(e) Composite packagings (glass, stoneware or porcelain), marked with the symbol "RID/ADR" according to

6.1.3.1 (a) (ii) and which are in the shape of a drum or box

Three

(one for each drop)

Diagonally on the bottom chime, or, if there is no chime, on a circumferential seam or the bottom edge

3 See ISO Standard 2248.

Special preparation of test samples for the drop test

 
The temperature of the test sample and its contents shall be reduced to –18 °C or lower for the
following packagings:
(a) Plastics drums (see 6.1.4.8);
(b) Plastics jerricans (see 6.1.4.8);
(c) Plastics boxes other than expanded plastics boxes (see 6.1.4.13);
(d) Composite packagings (plastics material) (see 6.1.4.19); and
(e) Combination packagings with plastics inner packagings, other than plastics bags intended to
contain solids or articles.
Where test samples are prepared in this way, the conditioning in 6.1.5.2.3 may be waived. Test liquids
shall be kept in the liquid state by the addition of anti-freeze if necessary.

Removable head packagings for liquids shall not be dropped until at least 24 hours after filling and
closing to allow for any possible gasket relaxation.

Target

The target shall be a non-resilient and horizontal surface and shall be:
- Integral and massive enough to be immovable;
- Flat with a surface kept free from local defects capable of influencing the test results;
- Rigid enough to be non-deformable under test conditions and not liable to become damaged by
the tests; and
- Sufficiently large to ensure that the test package falls entirely upon the surface.

Drop height

For solids and liquids, if the test is performed with the solid or liquid to be carried or with another

substance having essentially the same physical characteristics:

 

 

Packing Group I

Packing Group II

Packing Group III

1.8 m

1.2 m

0.8 m

 

For liquids in single packagings and for inner packagings of combination packagings, if the test is performed with water:

 

NOTE: The term water includes water/antifreeze solutions with a minimum specific gravity of 0.95 for testing at - 18 °C.

 

(a) where the substances to be carried have a relative density not exceeding 1.2:

 

 

Packing Group I

Packing Group II

Packing Group III

1.8 m

1.2 m

0.8 m

 

(b) where the substances to be carried have a relative density exceeding 1.2, the drop height shall be calculated on the basis of the relative density (d) of the substance to be carried, rounded up to the first decimal, as follows:

 

Packing Group I

Packing Group II

Packing Group III

d × 1.5 (m)

d × 1.0 (m)

d × 0.67 (m)

 

(c) for light-gauge metal packagings, marked with symbol "RID/ADR" according to 6.1.3.1(a) (ii) intended for the carriage of substances having a viscosity at 23 °C greater than 200 mm2/s (corresponding to a flow time of 30 seconds with an ISO flow cup having a jet orifice of 6 mm diameter in accordance with ISO Standard 2431:1993)

 

(i) if the relative density does not exceed 1.2:

 

Packing group II

Packing group III

0.6 m

0.4 m

 

Packing group II

Packing group III

d × 0.5 m

d × 0.33 m

Packing group II

Packing group III

d × 0.5 m

d × 0.33 m

 

(ii) where the substances to be carried have a relative density (d) exceeding 1.2 the drop height shall be calculated on the basis of the relative density (d) of the substance to be carried, rounded up to the first decimal place, as follows:

Criteria for passing the test

Each packaging containing liquid shall be leakproof when equilibrium has been reached between the
internal and external pressures, however for inner packagings of combination packagings and except
for inner receptacles of composite packagings (glass, porcelain or stoneware), marked with the symbol
"RID/ADR" according to 6.1.3.1 (a) (ii) it is not necessary that the pressures be equalized.
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