Drop test 3

Number of test samples (per design type and manufacturer) and drop orientation

 
For other than flat drops the centre of gravity shall be vertically over the point of impact.
Where more than one orientation is possible for a given drop test, the orientation most likely to result
in failure of the packaging shall be used.
 

Packaging

No. of test samples

Drop orientation

(a) Steel drums Aluminium drums

Drums of metal other than steel or aluminium

Steel jerricans Aluminium jerricans Plywood drums Fibre drums

Plastics drums and jerricans Composite packagings which are in the shape of a drum

Light gauge metal packagings

 

Six

(three for each drop)

First drop (using three samples): the packaging shall strike the target diagonally on the chime or, if the packaging has no chime, on a circumferential seam or an edge.

 

Second drop (using the other three samples): the packaging shall strike the target on the weakest part not tested by the first drop, for example a closure or, for some cylindrical drums, the welded longitudinal seam of the drum body

(b) Boxes of natural wood Plywood boxes Reconstituted wood boxes Fibreboard boxes

Plastics boxes

Steel or aluminium boxes

Composite packagings which are in the shape of a box

 

Five

(one for each drop)

First drop: flat on the bottom Second drop: flat on the top Third drop: flat on the long side Fourth drop: flat on the short side Fifth drop: on a corner

(c) Bags - single-ply with a side seam

Three

(three drops per bag)

First drop: flat on a wide face Second drop: flat on a narrow face Third drop: on an end of the bag

(d) Bags - single-ply without a side seam, or multi-ply

Three

(two drops per bag)

First drop: flat on a wide face Second drop: on an end of the bag

(e) Composite packagings (glass, stoneware or porcelain), marked with the symbol "RID/ADR" according to

6.1.3.1 (a) (ii) and which are in the shape of a drum or box

Three

(one for each drop)

Diagonally on the bottom chime, or, if there is no chime, on a circumferential seam or the bottom edge

3 See ISO Standard 2248.

Special preparation of test samples for the drop test

 
The temperature of the test sample and its contents shall be reduced to –18 °C or lower for the
following packagings:
(a) Plastics drums (see 6.1.4.8);
(b) Plastics jerricans (see 6.1.4.8);
(c) Plastics boxes other than expanded plastics boxes (see 6.1.4.13);
(d) Composite packagings (plastics material) (see 6.1.4.19); and
(e) Combination packagings with plastics inner packagings, other than plastics bags intended to
contain solids or articles.
Where test samples are prepared in this way, the conditioning in 6.1.5.2.3 may be waived. Test liquids
shall be kept in the liquid state by the addition of anti-freeze if necessary.

Removable head packagings for liquids shall not be dropped until at least 24 hours after filling and
closing to allow for any possible gasket relaxation.

Target

The target shall be a non-resilient and horizontal surface and shall be:
- Integral and massive enough to be immovable;
- Flat with a surface kept free from local defects capable of influencing the test results;
- Rigid enough to be non-deformable under test conditions and not liable to become damaged by
the tests; and
- Sufficiently large to ensure that the test package falls entirely upon the surface.

Drop height

For solids and liquids, if the test is performed with the solid or liquid to be carried or with another

substance having essentially the same physical characteristics:

 

 

Packing Group I

Packing Group II

Packing Group III

1.8 m

1.2 m

0.8 m

 

For liquids in single packagings and for inner packagings of combination packagings, if the test is performed with water:

 

NOTE: The term water includes water/antifreeze solutions with a minimum specific gravity of 0.95 for testing at - 18 °C.

 

(a) where the substances to be carried have a relative density not exceeding 1.2:

 

 

Packing Group I

Packing Group II

Packing Group III

1.8 m

1.2 m

0.8 m

 

(b) where the substances to be carried have a relative density exceeding 1.2, the drop height shall be calculated on the basis of the relative density (d) of the substance to be carried, rounded up to the first decimal, as follows:

 

Packing Group I

Packing Group II

Packing Group III

d × 1.5 (m)

d × 1.0 (m)

d × 0.67 (m)

 

(c) for light-gauge metal packagings, marked with symbol "RID/ADR" according to 6.1.3.1(a) (ii) intended for the carriage of substances having a viscosity at 23 °C greater than 200 mm2/s (corresponding to a flow time of 30 seconds with an ISO flow cup having a jet orifice of 6 mm diameter in accordance with ISO Standard 2431:1993)

 

(i) if the relative density does not exceed 1.2:

 

Packing group II

Packing group III

0.6 m

0.4 m

 

Packing group II

Packing group III

d × 0.5 m

d × 0.33 m

Packing group II

Packing group III

d × 0.5 m

d × 0.33 m

 

(ii) where the substances to be carried have a relative density (d) exceeding 1.2 the drop height shall be calculated on the basis of the relative density (d) of the substance to be carried, rounded up to the first decimal place, as follows:

Criteria for passing the test

Each packaging containing liquid shall be leakproof when equilibrium has been reached between the
internal and external pressures, however for inner packagings of combination packagings and except
for inner receptacles of composite packagings (glass, porcelain or stoneware), marked with the symbol
"RID/ADR" according to 6.1.3.1 (a) (ii) it is not necessary that the pressures be equalized.

Where a packaging for solids undergoes a drop test and its upper face strikes the target, the test sample
passes the test if the entire contents are retained by an inner packaging or inner receptacle (e.g. a
plastics bag), even if the closure while retaining its containment function, is no longer sift-proof.

The packaging or outer packaging of a composite or combination packaging shall not exhibit any
damage liable to affect safety during carriage. Inner receptacles, inner packagings, or articles shall
remain completely within the outer packaging and there shall be no leakage of the filling substance
from the inner receptacle(s) or inner packaging(s).

Neither the outermost ply of a bag nor an outer packaging may exhibit any damage liable to affect
safety during carriage.

A slight discharge from the closure(s) upon impact is not considered to be a failure of the packaging
provided that no further leakage occurs.

No rupture is permitted in packagings for goods of Class 1 which would permit the spillage of loose
explosive substances or articles from the outer packaging.

Leakproofness test

The leakproofness test shall be performed on all design types of packagings intended to contain
liquids; however, this test is not required for
- Inner packagings of combination packagings;
- Inner receptacles of composite packagings (glass, porcelain or stoneware), marked with the
symbol "RID/ADR" according to 6.1.3.1 (a) (ii);
- Light gauge metal packagings, marked with the symbol "RID/ADR" according to 6.1.3.1 (a)
(ii) intended for substances with a viscosity at 23 °C exceeding 200 mm2/s.

Number of test samples: three test samples per design type and manufacturer.

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