Class 1 Explosive substances and articles
Criteria
The heading of Class 1 covers:
(a) Explosive substances: solid or liquid substances (or mixtures of substances) capable by chemical reaction of producing gases at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings.
Pyrotechnic substances: substances or mixtures of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these as the result of non-detonating self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions;
NOTE 1: Substances which are not themselves explosive but which may form an explosive mixture of gas, vapour or dust are not substances of Class 1.
NOTE 2: Also excluded from Class 1 are: water- or alcohol-wetted explosives of which the water or alcohol content exceeds the limits specified and those containing plasticizers - these explosives are assigned to Class 3 or Class 4.1 - and those explosives which, on the basis of their predominant hazard, are assigned to Class 5.2.
(b) Explosive articles: articles containing one or more explosive or pyrotechnic substances;
NOTE: Devices containing explosive or pyrotechnic substances in such small quantity or of such a character that their inadvertent or accidental ignition or initiation during carriage would not cause any manifestation external to the device by projection, fire, smoke, heat or loud noise are not subject to the requirements of Class 1.
(c) Substances and articles not mentioned above which are manufactured with a view to producing a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect.
For the purposes of Class 1, the following definition applies:
Phlegmatized means that a substance (or "phlegmatizer") has been added to an explosive to enhance its safety in handling and carriage. The phlegmatizer renders the explosive insensitive, or less sensitive, to the following actions: heat, shock, impact, percussion or friction. Typical phlegmatizing agents include, but are not limited to: wax, paper, water, polymers (such as chlorofluoropolymers), alcohol and oils (such as petroleum jelly and paraffin).
Any substance or article having or suspected of having explosive properties shall be considered for assignment to Class 1 in accordance with the tests, procedures and criteria prescribed in Part I, Manual of Tests and Criteria.
A substance or article assigned to Class 1 can only be accepted for carriage when it has been assigned to a name or n.o.s. entry listed in Table A of Chapter 3.2 and meets the criteria of the Manual of Tests and Criteria.
The substances and articles of Class 1 shall be assigned to a UN Number and a name or n.o.s. entry listed in Table A of Chapter 3.2. Interpretation of the names of substances and articles in Table A of Chapter 3.2 shall be based upon the glossary in 2.2.1.4.
Samples of new or existing explosive substances or articles carried for purposes including: testing, classification, research and development quality control, or as a commercial sample, other than initiating explosive, may be assigned to UN No. 0190 SAMPLES, EXPLOSIVE.
The assignment of explosive substances and articles not mentioned by name as such in Table A of Chapter 3.2 to an n.o.s entry of Class 1 or UN No. 0190 SAMPLES, EXPLOSIVE as well as the assignment of certain substances the carriage of which is subject to a specific authorization by the
competent authority according to the special provisions referred to in Column (6) of Table A of Chapter 3.2 shall be made by the competent authority of the country of origin. This competent authority shall also approve in writing the conditions of carriage of these substances and articles. If the country of origin is not a Contracting Party to ADR, the classification and the conditions of carriage shall be recognized by the competent authority of the first country Contracting Party to ADR reached by the consignment.
Substances and articles of Class 1 shall have been assigned to a division in accordance with 2.2.1.1.5 and to a compatibility group in accordance with 2.2.1.1.6. The division shall be based on the results of the tests described in 2.3.0 and 2.3.1 applying the definitions in 2.2.1.1.5. The compatibility group shall be determined in accordance with the definitions in 2.2.1.1.6. The classification code shall consist of the division number and the compatibility group letter.
Definition of divisions
Division 1.1 Substances and articles which have a mass explosion hazard (a mass explosion is an explosion which affects almost the entire load virtually instantaneously).
Division 1.2 Substances and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.
Division 1.3 Substances and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard:
(a) combustion of which gives rise to considerable radiant heat; or
(b) which burn one after another, producing minor blast or projection effects or both.
Division 1.4 Substances and articles which present only a slight hazard of explosion in the event of ignition or initiation during carriage. The effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire shall not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package.
Division 1.5 Very insensitive substances having a mass explosion hazard which are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of carriage. As a minimum requirement they must not explode in the external fire test.
Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard. The articles predominantly contain extremely insensitive substances and demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.
NOTE: The hazard from articles of Division 1.6 is limited to the explosion of a single article.
Definition of compatibility groups of substances and articles
A Primary explosive substance.
B Article containing a primary explosive substance and not having two or more effective protective features. Some articles, such as detonators for blasting, detonator assemblies for blasting and primers, cap-type, are included, even though they do not contain primary explosives.
C Propellant explosive substance or other deflagrating explosive substance or article containing such explosive substance.
D Secondary detonating explosive substance or black powder or article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, in each case without means of initiation and without a propelling charge, or article containing a primary explosive substance and having two or more effective protective features.
E Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, without means of initiation, with a propelling charge (other than one containing a flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquids).
F Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance with its own means of initiation, with a propelling charge (other than one containing a flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquids) or without a propelling charge.
G Pyrotechnic substance, or article containing a pyrotechnic substance, or article containing both an explosive substance and an illuminating, incendiary, tear- or smoke-producing substance (other than a water-activated article or one which contains white phosphorus, phosphides, a pyrophoric substance, a flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquids).
H Article containing both an explosive substance and white phosphorus.
J Article containing both an explosive substance and a flammable liquid or gel. K Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic chemical agent.
L Explosive substance or article containing an explosive substance and presenting a special hazard (e.g. due to water activation or the presence of hypergolic liquids, phosphides or a pyrophoric substance) necessitating isolation of each type.
N Articles predominantly containing extremely insensitive substances.
S Substance or article so packed or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental functioning are confined within the package unless the package has been degraded by fire, in which case all blast or projection effects are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prevent fire-fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the package.
NOTE 1: Each substance or article, packed in a specified packaging, may be assigned to one compatibility group only. Since the criterion of compatibility group S is empirical, assignment to this group is necessarily linked to the tests for assignment of a classification code.
NOTE 2: Articles of compatibility groups D and E may be fitted or packed together with their own means of initiation provided that such means have at least two effective protective features designed to prevent an explosion in the event of accidental functioning of the means of initiation. Such articles and packages shall be assigned to compatibility groups D or E.
NOTE 3: Articles of compatibility groups D and E may be packed together with their own means of initiation, which do not have two effective protective features (i.e. means of initiation assigned to compatibility group B), provided that they comply with mixed packing provision MP21 of Section
4.1.10. Such packages shall be assigned to compatibility groups D or E.
NOTE 4: Articles may be fitted or packed together with their own means of ignition provided that the means of ignition cannot function during normal conditions of carriage.
NOTE 5: Articles of compatibility groups C, D and E may be packed together. Such packages shall be assigned to compatibility group E.
Assignment of fireworks to divisions
Fireworks shall normally be assigned to divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 on the basis of test data derived from Test Series 6 of the Manual of Tests and Criteria.
However:
(a) waterfalls containing flash composition (see Note 2 of 2.2.1.1.7.5) shall be classified as 1.1G regardless of the results of Test Series 6;
(b) since the range of such articles is very extensive and the availability of test facilities may be limited, assignment to divisions may also be made in accordance with the procedure in 2.2.1.1.7.2.
Assignment of fireworks to UN Nos. 0333, 0334, 0335 and 0336 may be made on the basis of analogy, without the need for Test Series 6 testing, in accordance with the default fireworks classification table in 2.2.1.1.7.5. Such assignment shall be made with the agreement of the competent authority. Items not specified in the table shall be classified on the basis of test data derived from Test Series 6.
NOTE 1: The addition of other types of fireworks to column 1 of the table in 2.2.1.1.7.5 shall only be made on the basis of full test data submitted to the UN Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods for consideration.
NOTE 2: Test data derived by competent authorities which validates, or contradicts the assignment of fireworks specified in column 4 of the table in 2.2.1.1.7.5 to divisions in column 5 should be submitted to the UN Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods for information.
Where fireworks of more than one division are packed in the same package, they shall be classified on the basis of the most dangerous division unless test data derived from Test Series 6 indicate otherwise.
The classification shown in the table in 2.2.1.1.7.5 applies only for articles packed in fibreboard boxes (4G).
Default fireworks classification table1
NOTE 1: References to percentages in the table, unless otherwise stated, are to the mass of all pyrotechnic substances (e.g. rocket motors, lifting charge, bursting charge and effect charge).
NOTE 2: "Flash composition" in this table refers to pyrotechnic substances in powder form or as pyrotechnic units as presented in the fireworks that are used in waterfalls, or to produce an aural effect or used as a bursting charge, or propellant charge unless:
(a) The time taken for the pressure rise in the HSL Flash Composition Test in Appendix 7 of the Manual of Tests and Criteria is demonstrated to be more than 6 ms for 0.5 g of pyrotechnic substance; or
(b) The pyrotechnic substance gives a negative "-" result in the US Flash Composition Test in Appendix 7 of the Manual of Tests and Criteria.
NOTE 3: Dimensions in mm refer to:
- for spherical and peanut shells the diameter of the sphere of the shell;
- for cylinder shells the length of the shell;
- for a shell in mortar, Roman candle, shot tube firework or mine the inside diameter of the tube comprising or containing the firework;
- for a bag mine or cylinder mine, the inside diameter of the mortar intended to contain the mine.
_____________________
1 This table contains a list of firework classifications which may be used in the absence of Test Series 6 data (see 2.2.1.1.7.2).
|
Type |
Includes: / Synonym: |
Definition |
Specification |
Classification |
|
Shell, spherical or cylindrical |
Spherical display shell: aerial shell, colour shell, dye shell, multi-break shell, multi-effect shell, nautical shell, parachute shell, smoke shell, star shell; report shell: maroon, salute, sound shell, thunderclap, aerial shell kit |
Device with or without propellant charge, with delay fuse and bursting charge, pyrotechnic unit(s) or loose pyrotechnic substance and designed to be projected from a mortar |
All report shells |
1.1G |
|
Colour shell: ³ 180 mm |
1.1G |
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Colour shell: < 180 mm with > 25% flash composition, as loose powder and/or report effects |
1.1G |
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Colour shell: < 180 mm with £ 25% flash composition, as loose powder and/or report effects |
1.3G |
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Colour shell: £ 50 mm, or £ 60 g pyrotechnic substance, with £ 2% flash composition as loose powder and/or report effects |
1.4G |
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Peanut shell |
Device with two or more spherical aerial shells in a common wrapper propelled by the same propellant charge with separate external delay fuses |
The most hazardous spherical aerial shell determines the classification |
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Preloaded mortar, shell in mortar |
Assembly comprising a spherical or cylindrical shell inside a mortar from which the shell is designed to be projected |
All report shells |
1.1G |
|
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Colour shell: ³ 180 mm |
1.1G |
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Colour shell: > 25% flash composition as loose powder and/or report effects |
1.1G |
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Colour shell: > 50 mm and < 180 mm |
1.2G |
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Colour shell: £ 50 mm, or £ 60 g pyrotechnic substance, with £ 25% flash composition as loose powder and/or report effects |
1.3G |
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|
Type |
Includes: / Synonym: |
Definition |
Specification |
Classification |
|
Shell, |
Shell of shells (spherical) |
Device without propellant charge, with delay fuse |
> 120 mm |
1.1G |
|
spherical or cylindrical (cont'd) |
(Reference to percentages for shell of shells are to the gross mass of the fireworks article) |
and bursting charge, containing report shells and inert materials and designed to be projected from a mortar |
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|
|
Device without propellant charge, with delay fuse and bursting charge, containing report shells ≤ 25g flash composition per report unit, with ≤ 33% flash composition and ³ 60% inert materials and designed to be projected from a mortar |
≤ 120 mm |
1.3G |
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Device without propellant charge, with delay fuse and bursting charge, containing colour shells and/or pyrotechnic units and designed to be projected from a mortar |
> 300 mm |
1.1G |
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Device without propellant charge, with delay fuse and bursting charge, containing colour shells ≤ 70mm and/or pyrotechnic units, with ≤ 25% flash composition and ≤ 60% pyrotechnic substance and designed to be projected from a mortar |
> 200 mm and ≤ 300 mm |
1.3G |
|
|
|
Device with propellant charge, with delay fuse and bursting charge, containing colour shells ≤ 70 mm and/or pyrotechnic units, with ≤ 25% flash composition and ≤ 60% pyrotechnic substance and designed to be projected from a mortar |
≤ 200 mm |
1.3G |
|
Battery/ combination |
Barrage, bombardos, cakes, finale box, flowerbed, hybrid, multiple tubes, shell cakes, banger batteries, flash banger batteries |
Assembly including several elements either containing the same type or several types each corresponding to one of the types of fireworks listed in this table, with one or two points of ignition |
The most hazardous firework type determines the classification |
|
|
Type |
Includes: / Synonym: |
Definition |
Specification |
Classification |
|
Roman candle |
Exhibition candle, candle, bombettes |
Tube containing a series of pyrotechnic units consisting of alternate pyrotechnic substance, propellant charge, and transmitting fuse |
³ 50 mm inner diameter, containing flash composition, or < 50 mm with > 25% flash composition |
1.1G |
|
³ 50 mm inner diameter, containing no flash composition |
1.2G |
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< 50 mm inner diameter and ≤ 25% flash composition |
1.3G |
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£ 30 mm inner diameter, each pyrotechnic unit ≤ 25 g and ≤ 5% flash composition |
1.4G |
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Shot tube |
Single shot Roman candle, small preloaded mortar |
Tube containing a pyrotechnic unit consisting of pyrotechnic substance, propellant charge with or without transmitting fuse |
≤ 30 mm inner diameter and pyrotechnic unit > 25 g, or > 5% and ≤ 25% flash composition |
1.3G |
|
£ 30 mm inner diameter, pyrotechnic unit ≤ 25 g and ≤ 5% flash composition |
1.4G |
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Rocket |
Avalanche rocket, signal rocket, whistling rocket, bottle rocket, sky rocket, missile type rocket, table rocket |
Tube containing pyrotechnic substance and/or pyrotechnic units, equipped with stick(s) or other means for stabilization of flight, and designed to be propelled into the air |
Flash composition effects only |
1.1G |
|
Flash composition > 25% of the pyrotechnic substance |
1.1G |
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> 20 g pyrotechnic substance and flash composition ≤ 25% |
1.3G |
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£ 20 g pyrotechnic substance, black powder bursting charge and ≤ 0.13 g flash composition per report and ≤ 1 g in total |
1.4G |
|
Type |
Includes: / Synonym: |
Definition |
Specification |
Classification |
|
Mine |
Pot-a-feu, ground mine, bag mine, cylinder mine |
Tube containing propellant charge and pyrotechnic units and designed to be placed on the ground or to be fixed in the ground. The principal effect is ejection of all the pyrotechnic units in a single burst producing a widely dispersed visual and/or aural effect in the air or: Cloth or paper bag or cloth or paper cylinder containing propellant charge and pyrotechnic units, designed to be placed in a mortar and to function as a mine |
> 25% flash composition, as loose powder and/ or report effects |
1.1G |
|
³ 180 mm and £ 25% flash composition, as loose powder and/ or report effects |
1.1G |
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< 180 mm and £ 25% flash composition, as loose powder and/ or report effects |
1.3G |
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£ 150 g pyrotechnic substance, containing £ 5% flash composition as loose powder and/ or report effects. Each pyrotechnic unit £ 25 g, each report effect < 2g; each whistle, if any, £ 3 g |
1.4G |
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|
Fountain |
Volcanos, gerbs, lances, Bengal fire, flitter sparkle, cylindrical fountains, cone fountains, illuminating torch |
Non-metallic case containing pressed or consolidated pyrotechnic substance producing sparks and flame NOTE: Fountains intended to produce a vertical cascade or curtain of sparks are considered to be waterfalls (see row below). |
³ 1 kg pyrotechnic substance |
1.3G |
|
< 1 kg pyrotechnic substance |
1.4G |
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|
Waterfall |
Cascades, showers |
Pyrotechnic fountain intended to produce a vertical cascade or curtain of sparks |
Containing flash composition regardless of the results of Test Series 6 (see 2.2.1.1.7.1 (a)) |
1.1G |
|
Not containing flash composition |
1.3G |
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Sparkler |
Handheld sparklers, non-handheld sparklers, wire sparklers |
Rigid wire partially coated (along one end) with slow burning pyrotechnic substance with or without an ignition tip |
Perchlorate based sparklers: > 5 g per item or > 10 items per pack |
1.3G |
|
Perchlorate based sparklers: ≤ 5 g per item and ≤ 10 items per pack; Nitrate based sparklers: ≤ 30 g per item |
1.4G |
|
Type |
Includes: / Synonym: |
Definition |
Specification |
Classification |
|
Bengal stick |
Dipped stick |
Non-metallic stick partially coated (along one end) with slow-burning pyrotechnic substance and designed to be held in the hand |
Perchlorate based items: > 5 g per item or > 10 items per pack |
1.3 G |
|
Perchlorate based items: ≤ 5 g per item and ≤ 10 items per pack; nitrate based items: ≤ 30 g per item |
1.4G |
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|
Low hazard fireworks and novelties |
Table bombs, throwdowns, crackling granules, smokes, fog, snakes, glow worm, serpents, snaps, party poppers |
Device designed to produce very limited visible and/ or audible effect which contains small amounts of pyrotechnic and/or explosive composition. |
Throwdowns and snaps may contain up to 1.6 mg of silver fulminate; snaps and party poppers may contain up to 16 mg of potassium chlorate/red phosphorous mixture; other articles may contain up to 5 g of pyrotechnic substance, but no flash composition |
1.4G |
|
Spinner |
Aerial spinner, helicopter, chaser, ground spinner |
Non-metallic tube or tubes containing gas- or spark-producing pyrotechnic substance, with or without noise producing composition, with or without aerofoils attached |
Pyrotechnic substance per item > 20 g, containing £ 3% flash composition as report effects, or whistle composition £ 5 g |
1.3G |
|
Pyrotechnic substance per item £ 20 g, containing £ 3% flash composition as report effects, or whistle composition £ 5 g |
1.4G |
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|
Wheels |
Catherine wheels, Saxon |
Assembly including drivers containing pyrotechnic substance and provided with a means of attaching it to a support so that it can rotate |
³ 1 kg total pyrotechnic substance, no report effect, each whistle (if any) £ 25 g and ≤ 50 g whistle composition per wheel |
1.3G |
|
< 1 kg total pyrotechnic substance, no report effect, each whistle (if any) £ 5 g and ≤ 10 g whistle composition per wheel |
1.4G |
|
Type |
Includes: / Synonym: |
Definition |
Specification |
Classification |
|
Aerial wheel |
Flying Saxon, UFO's, rising crown |
Tubes containing propellant charges and sparks- flame- and/or noise producing pyrotechnic substances, the tubes being fixed to a supporting ring |
> 200 g total pyrotechnic substance or > 60 g pyrotechnic substance per driver, £ 3% flash composition as report effects, each whistle (if any) £ 25 g and ≤ 50 g whistle composition per wheel |
1.3G |
|
£ 200 g total pyrotechnic substance and £ 60 g pyrotechnic substance per driver, £ 3% flash composition as report effects, each whistle (if any) £ 5 g and ≤ 10 g whistle composition per wheel |
1.4G |
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|
Selection pack |
Display selection box, display selection pack, garden selection box, indoor selection box; assortment |
A pack of more than one type each corresponding to one of the types of fireworks listed in this table |
The most hazardous firework type determines the classification |
|
|
Firecracker |
Celebration cracker, celebration roll, string cracker |
Assembly of tubes (paper or cardboard) linked by a pyrotechnic fuse, each tube intended to produce an aural effect |
Each tube ≤ 140 mg of flash composition or ≤ 1 g black powder |
1.4G |
|
Banger |
Salute, flash banger, lady cracker |
Non-metallic tube containing report composition intended to produce an aural effect |
> 2 g flash composition per item |
1.1G |