Unless otherwise provided elsewhere in ADR, each packaging, including IBCs and large packagings, except inner packagings, shall conform to a design type successfully tested in accordance with the requirements of 6.1.5, 6.3.5, 6.5.6 or 6.6.5, as applicable. The packagings for which the test is not required are mentioned under 6.1.1.3.

Büyük ambalajlar ve IBC'ler dâhil ambalajlar sıvı ile doldurulurken, taşıma esnasında sıcaklığa bağlı olarak sıvının genleşmesinden kaynaklanabilecek bir sızıntı veya kalıcı şekil bozukluğunun önlenmesi için yeterli boşluk (fire) bırakılır. Özel zorunluluklar belirtilmedikçe, sıvılar 55 °C sıcaklıkta bir ambalajı tamamen dolduramaz. Bununla birlikte, 50 °C ortalama dökme sıcaklığında, su kapasitesinin %98'inden daha fazla doldurulmamasını temin etmek için bir IBC'de yeterli boşluk bırakılmalıdır. 15 °C doldurma sıcaklığı için, azami doldurma derecesi, aksi belirtilmedikçe aşağıdaki iki yöntemden biriyle belirlenecektir:

(a)

or

(b)    degree of filling =    % of the capacity of the packaging.

In this formula α represents the mean coefficient of cubic expansion of the liquid substance between 15 °C and 50 °C; that is to say, for a maximum rise in temperature of 35 °C,

α is calculated according to the formula:

d15 and d50 being the relative densities1 of the liquid at 15 °C and 50 °C and tf the mean temperature of the liquid at the time of filling.

Inner packagings shall be packed in an outer packaging in such a way that, under normal conditions of carriage, they cannot break, be punctured or leak their contents into the outer packaging. Inner packagings containing liquids shall be packed with their closures upward and placed within outer packagings consistent with the orientation marks prescribed in 5.2.1.10. Inner packagings that are liable to break or be punctured easily, such as those made of glass, porcelain or stoneware or of certain plastics materials, etc., shall be secured in outer packagings with suitable cushioning material. Any leakage of the contents shall not substantially impair the protective properties of the cushioning material or of the outer packaging.

Where an outer packaging of a combination packaging or a large packaging has been successfully tested with different types of inner packagings, a variety of such different inner packagings may also be assembled in this outer packaging or large packaging. In addition, provided an equivalent level of performance is maintained, the following variations in inner packagings are allowed without further testing of the package:

(a) Inner packagings of equivalent or smaller size may be used provided:

(i) the inner packagings are of similar design to the tested inner packagings (e.g. shape - round, rectangular, etc.);

(ii) the material of construction of the inner packagings (glass, plastics, metal, etc.) offers resistance to impact and stacking forces equal to or greater than that of the originally tested inner packaging;

(iii) the inner packagings have the same or smaller openings and the closure is of similar design (e.g. screw cap, friction lid, etc.);

(iv) sufficient additional cushioning material is used to take up void spaces and to prevent significant movement of the inner packagings; and

(v) inner packagings are oriented within the outer packaging in the same manner as in the tested package.

(b) A lesser number of the tested inner packagings, or of the alternative types of inner packagings identified in (a) above, may be used provided sufficient cushioning is added to fill the void space(s) and to prevent significant movement of the inner packagings.

Use of supplementary packagings within an outer packaging (e.g. an intermediate packaging or a receptacle inside a required inner packaging) additional to what is required by the packing instructions is authorized provided all relevant requirements are met, including those of 4.1.1.3, and, if appropriate, suitable cushioning is used to prevent movement within the packaging.

Dangerous goods shall not be packed together in the same outer packaging or in large packagings, with dangerous or other goods if they react dangerously with each other and cause:

(a) combustion or evolution of considerable heat;

(b) evolution of flammable, asphyxiant, oxidizing or toxic gases;

(c) the formation of corrosive substances; or

(d) the formation of unstable substances.

NOTE: For mixed packing special provisions, see 4.1.10.

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1 Relative density (d) is considered to be synonymous with specific gravity (SG) and will be used throughout this Chapter.

The closures of packagings containing wetted or diluted substances shall be such that the percentage of liquid (water, solvent or phlegmatizer) does not fall below the prescribed limits during transport.

Where two or more closure systems are fitted in series on an IBC, that nearest to the substance being carried shall be closed first.

Where pressure may develop in a package by the emission of gas from the contents (as a result of temperature increase or other causes), the packaging or IBC may be fitted with a vent provided that the gas emitted will not cause danger on account of its toxicity, its flammability or the quantity released, for example.

A venting device shall be fitted if dangerous overpressure may develop due to normal decomposition of substances. The vent shall be so designed that, when the packaging or IBC is in the attitude in which it is intended to be carried, leakages of liquid and the penetration of foreign substances are prevented under normal conditions of carriage.

NOTE: Venting of the package is not permitted for air carriage.

Liquids may only be filled into inner packagings which have an appropriate resistance to internal pressure that may be developed under normal conditions of carriage.

New, remanufactured or reused packagings, including IBCs and large packagings, or reconditioned packagings and repaired or routinely maintained IBCs shall be capable of passing the tests prescribed in 6.1.5, 6.3.5, 6.5.6 or 6.6.5, as applicable. Before being filled and handed over for carriage, every packaging, including IBCs and large packagings, shall be inspected to ensure that it is free from corrosion, contamination or other damage and every IBC shall be inspected with regard to the proper functioning of any service equipment. Any packaging which shows signs of reduced strength as compared with the approved design type shall no longer be used or shall be so reconditioned, that it is able to withstand the design type tests. Any IBC which shows signs of reduced strength as compared with the tested design type shall no longer be used or shall be so repaired or routinely maintained that it is able to withstand the design type tests.

Liquids shall be filled only into packagings, including IBCs, which have an appropriate resistance to the internal pressure that may develop under normal conditions of carriage. Packagings and IBCs marked with the hydraulic test pressure prescribed in 6.1.3.1 (d) and 6.5.2.2.1, respectively shall be filled only with a liquid having a vapour pressure:

(a) such that the total gauge pressure in the packaging or IBC (i.e. the vapour pressure of the filling substance plus the partial pressure of air or other inert gases, less 100 kPa) at 55 °C, determined on the basis of a maximum degree of filling in accordance with 4.1.1.4 and a filling temperature of 15 °C, will not exceed two-thirds of the marked test pressure; or

(b) at 50 °C less than four-sevenths of the sum of the marked test pressure plus 100 kPa; or

(c) at 55 °C less than two-thirds of the sum of the marked test pressure plus 100 kPa.

IBCs intended for the carriage of liquids shall not be used to carry liquids having a vapour pressure of more than 110kPa (1.1 bar) at 50 °C or 130kPa (1.3 bar) at 55 °C.

Examples of required marked test pressures for packagings, including IBCs, calculated as in 4.1.1.10 (c)

NOTE 1: For pure liquids the vapour pressure at 55 °C (Vp55) can often be obtained from scientific tables.

NOTE 2: The table refers to the use of 4.1.1.10 (c) only, which means that the marked test pressure shall exceed 1.5 times the vapour pressure at 55 °C less 100 kPa. When, for example, the test pressure for n-decane is determined according to 6.1.5.5.4 (a), the minimum marked test pressure may be lower.

NOTE 3: For diethyl ether the required minimum test pressure under 6.1.5.5.5 is 250 kPa.

Empty packagings, including IBCs and large packagings, that have contained a dangerous substance are subject to the same requirements as those for a filled packaging, unless adequate measures have been taken to nullify any hazard.

NOTE: When such packagings are carried for disposal, recycling or recovery of their material, they may also be carried under UN 3509 provided the conditions of special provision 663 of Chapter

3.3 are met.

Every packaging as specified in Chapter 6.1 intended to contain liquids shall successfully undergo a suitable leakproofness test. This test is part of a quality assurance programme as stipulated in 6.1.1.4 which shows the capability of meeting the appropriate test level indicated in 6.1.5.4.3:

(a) before it is first used for carriage;

(b) after remanufacturing or reconditioning of any packaging, before it is re-used for carriage.

For this test the packaging need not have its closures fitted. The inner receptacle of a composite packaging may be tested without the outer packaging, provided the test results are not affected. This test is not required for:

- inner packagings of combination packagings or large packagings;

- inner receptacles of composite packagings (glass, porcelain or stoneware) marked with the symbol "RID/ADR" in accordance with 6.1.3.1 (a) (ii);

- light gauge metal packagings marked with the symbol "RID/ADR" in accordance with 6.1.3.1 (a) (ii).

Packagings, including IBCs, used for solids which may become liquid at temperatures likely to be encountered during carriage shall also be capable of containing the substance in the liquid state.